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Chapter-32 Miscellaneous Retinal Vascular Diseases

BOOK TITLE: Retina: Medical and Surgical Management

Author
1. Kumar Atul
2. Kakkar Prateek
3. Shaikh Farin
4. Shaikh Nawazish
ISBN
9789352702947
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/18054_33
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2018
Pages
13
Author Affiliations
1. Dr. RP Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, Dr RP Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, India, Anil Hospital, Jaipur, India, Dr RP Center for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, Women’s Health Center; Anil Nursing Home, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
2. Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
3. Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
4. Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
Chapter keywords
Retinal vascular diseases, valsalva retinopathy, Terson’s syndrome, TS, subarachnoid hemorrhage, SAH, retinal pigment epithelium, RPE, Purtscher-like retinopathy, HELLP syndrome

Abstract

This chapter discusses retinal different vascular diseases, which includes valsalva retinopathy and Terson’s syndrome. Valsalva retinopathy is characteristically observed after sudden increase in intrathoracic or intra-abdominal pressure. Valsalva retinopathy is a diagnosis of exclusion. Serial monitoring on follow-up for progression and resolution of hemorrhages can be done with the help of fundus photographs. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) can be used to find the level of bleed whether sub-ILM or subhyaloid. Treatment for Valsalva retinopathy is usually observation and propped up positioning. Propped up position helps in settling of blood and may improve visual acuity. Preretinal hemorrhages usually resolve over few weeks. Terson’s syndrome is known as intraocular hemorrhage of any type (intraretinal, subhyaloid, or intravitreal) associated with SAH, intracerebral bleed or cerebral trauma. Terson’s syndrome is a frequent cause of visual loss following subarachnoid hemorrhage. Purtscher and Purtscher-like retinopathy and HELLP syndrome are also discussed in this chapter.

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