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Chapter-51 Postoperative Endophthalmitis

BOOK TITLE: Retina: Medical and Surgical Management

Author
1. Kumar Atul
2. Jayadev Chaitra
3. Ravani Raghav
ISBN
9789352702947
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/18054_52
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2018
Pages
18
Author Affiliations
1. Dr RP Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, India, Anil Hospital, Jaipur, India, Dr RP Center for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, Women’s Health Center; Anil Nursing Home, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, Dr. RP Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
2. Aditya Jyot Eye Hospital, Pvt. Ltd., Plot No. 153, Road No.9, Major Parmeshwaran Road, Opp SIWS College, Gate No.3, Wadala, Mumbai, India, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Institute Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, Narayana Nethralaya, Bengalure, Karnataka, India, Aditya Jyot Eye Hospital Pvt Ltd, Plot No 153, Road No 9, Major Parmeshwaran Road, Opp SIWS College, Gate No 3, Wadala, Mumbai, India, Aditya Jyot Eye Hospital Pvt. Ltd., Wadala, Mumbai, India, Adityajyot Eye Hospital Pvt Ltd, Wadala, Mumbai, India, Adityajyot Eye Hospital Pvt. Ltd., Wadala, Mumbai, India
3. Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
Chapter keywords
Endogenous endophthalmitis, postoperative endophthalmitis, endophthalmitis burden, post-cataract endophthalmitis, age-related macular degeneration, ARMD, diabetic macular edema, vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF

Abstract

Endogenous endophthalmitis occurs when the eye is seeded via the bloodstream. Patients will usually have systemic manifestations of the underlying disease but sometimes present only with eye symptoms. In endophthalmitis, the infection remains confined to the eye and does not serve as a source of bacteremia or fungemia. However in panophthalmitis, infection spreads from the globe of the eye to the adjacent soft tissues of the orbit. This chapter covers the classification of endophthalmitis, endophthalmitis burden, post-cataract endophthalmitis, post-intravitreal injection endophthalmitis, post-trabeculectomy endophthalmitis, post-PPV endophthalmitis, postcorneal procedure endophthalmitis, organism causing endophthalmitis, polymicrobial endophthalmitis, risk factors for exogenous endophthalmitis, and approach and management of a case of infective endophthalmitis. Intravitreal injections have a very important place in management of exudative age-related macular degeneration (ARMD), diabetic macular edema, edema due to venous occlusions and many other conditions. The drugs that are most commonly administered by the intravitreal route are anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and steroids. The anti-VEGF drugs most commonly used are bevacizumab and ranibizumab.

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