The incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is approximately 1.5 cases per 1,000 person-years as described in Western literature. The deep venous thrombosis (DVT) cases are approximately twice as common as pulmonary embolism (PE). Provoking factors may be temporary or persistent. The well-recognized temporary provoking factors are trauma, lower limb fractures, major surgery, immobilization, long-distance travel, pregnancy and estrogen containing contraceptive pills. The examples of persistent provoking risk factors are cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, nephrotic syndrome or other chronic medical diseases, increasing age, genetic abnormalities, coagulation factor like factor V Leiden. All the routine protocols for diagnosis and treatment as well as prophylaxis of DVT/VTE are applicable in these groups of patients except those with heart failure. The diagnosis of DVT/VTE in presence of acutely decompensated heart failure is challenging and needs special attention.