Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are leading cause of death worldwide and along with diabetes mellitus (DM) it causes increased morbidity and mortality especially in the Indian Asian population. The incidence of DM is increasing worldwide such that global burden has increased from 30 million in 1985 to 382 million in 2014 and it is predicted to increase further so much so that by 2035, 592 million people worldwide will be diabetics. DM and CVD are closely linked as they share common risk factors and CVD is the most prevalent cause of mortality and morbidity in diabetic populations. Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive deterioration of beta-cell function leading to hyperglycemia. This chapter covers the therapeutic strategies for cardiodiabetes, cardioprotective effects of insulin, indications of insulin therapy, insulin therapy in cardiodiabetes, indications of insulin therapy, glycated hemoglobin and glycemic targets, types of insulin, the choice of insulin regimen, and management.