Diabetes mellitus (DM) is quite common with recent statistics suggesting that there are approximately 347 million people living with this condition and it constitutes one of the most important risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Cardiovascular disease is the most important cause of morbidity and mortality among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetics have a higher risk of CVD as compared to nondiabetics with similar risk factors. Myocardial dysfunction in diabetics is a consequence of multiple pathological processes including coronary artery disease (CAD), altered metabolism, interstitial fibrosis, endothelial dysfunction, autonomic dysfunction and microvascular disease. This chapter covers the role of computed tomography, role of computed tomography in renal artery evaluation, and precautions while performing contrast enhanced CT in diabetic patients.