This chapter describes the guidelines for diagnosis and management of low back pain. Low back pain (LBP), an enigma, so complex, is responsible for maximum pain-related disability on a global basis which is higher than even cancer pain, and road injuries, and it involves almost 700 million people (approximately one quarter) worldwide. This huge problem of LBP involves both developing and developed nations, and as the life expectancy is going up on a global basis, the prevalence of LBP is also shooting up, more so with the increase in the incidence of obesity and lack of physical activity. Chronic LBP is mostly recurrent in nature. Also, lifestyle factors like work-related stressand sleep problems have been moderately enhancing the risk of chronic LBP. This chapter covers the etiology, assessment, selective diagnostic blocks, management, and invasive techniques.