This chapter describes the temporal and infratemporal regions along with their boundaries, contents, and applied anatomy. Temporal fossa is the hollowness in the lateral side of skull. Infratemporal fossa is the hollowness present in the lateral aspect of skull below the zygomatic arch. Pterygopalatine fossa is the hollowness present deep to infratemporal fossa. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is the articulation between condylar process of mandible inferiorly and articular fossa of squamous part of temporal bone superiorly. Features of TMJ include biaxial and bicondylar synovial joint, modified saddle variety, and ginglymus joint.