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Chapter-70 Chromosome and Its Structure

BOOK TITLE: Essentials of Anatomy for Dental Students

Author
1. Selvakumari TL
ISBN
9789352703548
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/14250_71
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2018
Pages
5
Author Affiliations
1. Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Thalambur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Chapter keywords
Deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA, histone, chromosome, gene, double helical structure, cytosine, thymine, bone marrow biopsy, Klinefelter syndrome, Turner syndrome

Abstract

The word chroma means colour and soma means body. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is arranged very compactly, coiling around the proteins called histones. Chromosomes carry the structural and functional unit of inheritence of characters, made up of DNA, called as genes. The number of chromosomes in a cell for a particular species is constant. Each chromosome is either derived from father as paternal or from mother as maternal chromosome. DNA in a chromosome is a double helical structure. It has two strands which are spirally twisted individually. Both strands are connected by bonds of nucleotide molecules. Each nucleotide molecule has deoxyribose sugar, phosphate and a base. The base may be either adenine or guanine or thymine or cytosine. Each base has a link always with a particular base on the other side: adenine with thymine, guanine with cytosine. They are arranged in sequence.

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