Neural tube gives rise to the central nervous system. The development of neural plate takes place as the notochord initiates the differentiation of the ectoderm dorsal. This neural plate gives rise the central nervous system therefore; it is called as the neuroectoderm. The neural groove deepens and at the junction of the neuroectoderm and surface ectoderm neural crest cells are formed. The neural groove closes in the midline, and forms the neural tube which gets separated from the ectoderm. The closure of this tube begins from the centre and extends cranially and caudally. Cranially it enlarges to form the brain vesicles: and the caudal portion persists in a tubular form and gives rise to the spinal cord. Various congenital anomalies develop due to the failure of development of the neural tube such as anencephaly, posterior rachischisis and encephalocele. Structures that are derived from the neural crest cells include the ganglions, adrenal medulla, Schwann cells, odontoblast cells, chromaffin tissue, leptomeninges and melanoblast cells.