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Chapter-17 Genitourinary

BOOK TITLE: A Practical Guide to Surgical Instruments, X-rays and Operative Interventions

Author
1. Agrawal Ajay Kumar
2. Agrawal Neelabh
3. Agrawal Sneha
ISBN
9789352703678
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/14245_18
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2018
Pages
8
Author Affiliations
1. Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, Provincial Medical Services, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
2. KGMU, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, Department of Trauma Surgery, KGMU, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
3. Saraswati Dental College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Chapter keywords
Genitourinary, Renal stones, Ureteric stones, digital skiagram of KUB, Intravenous urography, open cystolithotomy, Urethrograms.

Abstract

This chapter covers the various stones that are found in the genitourinary tract such as renal stones, urinary bladder stones and ureteric stones and also the different tools for their diagnosis. Renal stones can be diagnosed with the help of a digital skiagram of KUB. They are radiopaque structures that can be seen in the renal region. Presence of renal stones gives a differential diagnosis of renal calculi, calcified lymph nodes and calcified adrenal glands. Ureteric stones can also be seen on digital skiagram of KUB. They are mostly seen at the pelvicureteric junction, at pelvic brim and at the entry of the ureter into the bladder. Urinary bladder stone can be removed by open cystolithotomy or cystoscopy assisted removal of bladder stone. Intravenous urography is performed to check the kidney function, anomalies related to kidney, ureter or bladder or any ureteric stone. Urethrograms is performed by using iodinated contrast media and is generally carried out in males. It is useful in diagnosis of pelvic trauma, urethral stricture and urethral fistulas. It is of two types: retrograde urethrography and micturating cytourethrography.

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