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Chapter-15 Gastrointestinal

BOOK TITLE: A Practical Guide to Surgical Instruments, X-rays and Operative Interventions

Author
1. Agrawal Ajay Kumar
2. Agrawal Neelabh
3. Agrawal Sneha
ISBN
9789352703678
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/14245_16
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2018
Pages
9
Author Affiliations
1. Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, Provincial Medical Services, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
2. KGMU, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, Department of Trauma Surgery, KGMU, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
3. Saraswati Dental College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Chapter keywords
Gastrointestinal x-rays, X-ray abdomen, Achalasia cardia, sigmoid volvulus, Barium enema, multiple air fluid levels, barium meal, barium follow through.

Abstract

Gastrointestinal x-rays such as x-ray abdomen with gas under both the domes diaphragm shows gas filled in both right and left dome of the diaphragm. It can be taken in a left lateral decubitus position if the patient cannot stand Differential diagnosis such as peritoneal breach, perforation in gastrointestinal tract, injury following a laparoscopic procedure can be made. X-ray abdomen with multiple air fluid levels can have differential diagnosis of various causes of abdominal obstruction. Sigmoid volvulus shows an omega shaped distended large bowel loop. Differential diagnosis of caecal volvulus and colonic pseudo-obstruction is made. Barium swallow x-ray of esophagus is done for esophageal related diseases. Various barium related tests such as barium meal and barium follow through is also done for small intestine, stomach and duodenum related diseases. Achalasia cardia is a condition in which lower oesophageal sphincter fails to relax due to loss of ganglionic cells in the myenteric plexus. Carcinoma esophagus shows narrowing of middle and lower end of esophagus with irregular mucosal lining with ulceration. Barium enema allows examination of lower intestinal tract. It is useful in diagnosis of inflammatory bowel diseases.

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