This chapter describes social and cultural consequences of being childless. Being childless is a huge blow with endless consequences pictured. Infertility is a disease of the 21st century affecting more than 50 million couples worldwide. In India, one out of five couples is childless. In a developing country like ours, both the urban and rural married women are dependent on their husbands—financially, emotionally, socially, and even spiritually. The society regards having children as the most important asset in a successful marriage. Childlessness has major social and psychological implications for the affected persons, especially in a country like India where fertility is highly valued and having children is considered urgency postmarriage. The graduation in status through motherhood is so marked that barrenness is a dreaded condition.