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Chapter-09 Gastroenterology and Hepatology

BOOK TITLE: Partha’s Management Algorithms in Pediatric and Adolescent Practice

Author
1. Sathiyasekaran Malathi
2. Bhavanandam Sumathi
ISBN
9789352703838
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/14142_10
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2018
Pages
14
Author Affiliations
1. Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust Hospital and Sundaram Medical Foundation, Dr Rangarajan Memorial, ospital, Chennai, Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Kanchi Kamakoti Childs Trust Hospital, Sundaram Medical Foundation and Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Rainbow Children’s Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust Hospital, Sundaram Medical Foundation and Rainbow Children Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, KKCTH, SMF and Rainbow Children’s Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, KanchiKamakoti Childs Trust Hospital, Sundaram Medical Foundation and Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Sundaram Medical Foundation and Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust Hospital, Chennai, Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust Hospital, Sundaram Medical Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Kanchi Kamakoti Child Trust Hospital; Sundaram Medical Foundation and Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Kanchi
2. Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children, Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Chapter keywords
Gastroenterology, hepatology, neonatal cholestasis syndrome, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, functional constipation, FC, gastrointestinal, GI, isolated hepatomegaly

Abstract

The objective of this chapter is to introduce the gastroenterology and hepatology. This chapter is divided into four parts, which include neonatal cholestasis syndrome, constipation in children, upper gastrointestinal bleeding in adolescents, and isolated hepatomegaly in adolescents. Neonatal cholestasis is the impaired formation or flow of bile resulting in the retention within the liver of biliary substances normally excreted into the intestine through bile and occurring in neonates and young infants. Constipation is a common problem (3–5%) in children with functional constipation (FC) being most frequent (85%). Upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleed denotes bleeding from any site in the GI tract proximal to the ligament of Treitz. The bleed may manifest as hematemesis, melena, hematochezia, hemobilia, or pancreatico-hemosuccus. Isolated hepatomegaly is the term used when an enlarged liver is detected incidentally either clinically or ultrasonographically in the absence of splenomegaly.

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