The scope and nature of the history and physical examination depend on several variables. The patient’s complaints give direction and focus to both history taking and examination. The physician’s field of specialization often determines the type and extent of diagnostic maneuvers he employs. The setting of the examination spot-doctor’s office or clinic, hospital emergency room, intensive care unit, or the patient’s home-will have a bearing on what is done and not done. The standard outline of history and physical examination is presented in this chapter. A detailed discussion on general remarks on the history and physical examination, past medical history, pediatric history and physical examination, and diagnostic formulation has been also provided in this chapter.