The phenomenon of autofluorescence, emanating from the lipofuscin-laden retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells has been known and studied for a few decades now. In the RPE, lipofuscin originates chiefly from phagocytosed photoreceptor outer segments (OS), whereas in many other cell types, it originates internally through autodigestion. Phagocytosis of the tips of the photoreceptor outer segments, and their subsequent lysosomal digestion is one of the key functions of the RPE. This chapter covers the demonstration of fundus autofluorescence, fundus autofluorescence imaging modalities, assessing the fundus autofluorescence image, clinical applications of autofluorescence, classification of fundus autofluorescence patterns in early Amd, retinal pigment epithelium tears, idiopathic macular telangiectasia, chorioretinal inflammatory disorders, acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy, and acute syphilitic posterior placoid chorioretinitis, multifocal choroiditis and panuveitis, acute zonal occult outer retinopathy, birdshot chorioretinopathy, and perspectives in imaging technologies.