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Chapter-09 Hypertensive Retinopathy

BOOK TITLE: Gems of Ophthalmology—Retina

Author
1. Venkatesh Pradeep
2. Temkar Shreyas
3. G Bhavya
ISBN
9789352704026
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/18052_10
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2018
Pages
6
Author Affiliations
1. Dr RP Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, Dr RP Center for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of, RP Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, Dr Rajendra Prasad Center for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, Dr Rajendra Prasad Center for Ophthalmic Sciences, New Delhi, India, Vitreo-retina Services, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, AIIMS, Delhi, India, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Scienc
2. RP Centre of Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
3. RP Centre of Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
Chapter keywords
Hypertension, renal disease, pheochromocytoma, Cushing’s syndrome, steroid therapy, systemic hypertension, cardiovascular catastrophes, myocardial infarction, stroke, aortic dissection

Abstract

Hypertension is one of the most prevalent systemic illnesses in patients encountered by an ophthalmologist during his/her practice. This clinical condition is a significant modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular catastrophes, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, aortic dissection and others. Though essential hypertension remains the most important type of hypertension, secondary causes, such as renal disease, pheochromocytoma, Cushing’s syndrome, steroid therapy, etc. need to be ruled out. Despite hypertension being a common factor in the pathogenesis of multiple end-organ diseases, many patients with hypertension remain undiagnosed or undertreated. Systemic hypertension causes series of pathological changes in retinal, choroidal and optic nerve circulations. The changes seen in these vessels depend on the onset of hypertension (acute or chronic), severity and duration.

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