The shoulder or glenohumeral joint is formed by the articulation of the rounded larger head of the humerus with a shallow, pear-shaped glenoid cavity of the scapula. It is a ball and socket type of the joint, and the most freely movable multi-axial joint in the body permitting wide range of movements in all three planes and around all three axes. Both the head of the humerus and the glenoid fossa are covered with hyaline cartilage, which is thicker on the center of the head of the humerus, and in case of the glenoid fossa it is thicker around the circumference of it. The shoulder joint muscles can easily be distinguished from the shoulder girdle muscles, as the shoulder muscles are attached to the humerus. The various movements of shoulder joint are produced by 11 muscles. Movements of the shoulder joint and muscles of the shoulder joint are also discussed in this chapter.