In recent days, there is an opinion that hysterosalpingography (HSG), which involves radiation exposure, should be avoided as an investigative procedure to treat infertility; instead other modalities like sonosalpingography (SSG) or laparoscopy should be performed. HSG plays an important role in the evaluation of abnormalities related to the uterus and fallopian tubes. Uterine abnormalities that can be detected by HSG include congenital anomalies, polyps, leiomyomas, surgical changes, synechiae, and adenomyosis. This chapter covers the obtaining proper consent, planning of procedure, pain relief, the radiological plate, contrast agents, antibiotic prophylaxis, complications, and interpretation. The complications from HSG are rare. The most common adverse event is a vasovagal reaction with bradycardia and hypotension, potentially resulting in syncope. This may occur anytime during the procedure such as with tenaculum placement, dye instillation, or shortly after completion. Most cases resolve with simple maneuvers including termination of the procedure and placement of the patient in a Trendelenburg position, if possible.