Stoma can be classified on the basis of anatomical site, type, and duration. In case of Hartman’s procedure, the lower bowel is stitched closed inside you and the end of the upper bowel stitched to your skin as a single stoma. In loop colostomy, an incision is made in the skin and the surgeon pulls through it a “loop” of bowel, which is opened but not divided. In double barrel colostomy, an area of disease or injury is removed; the end of the upper bowel is stitched to the skin as a stoma for passing stool. Jejunostomy function usually begins within the first 48 hours after surgery. Initially the effluent is watery, clear, and dark green. An ileostomy generally begins to function within the first 48–72 hours after surgery. The initial effluent is viscous, green, and shiny. The initial output from a colostomy varies, depending on the location of the stoma within the colon. Cecostomy usually begins to function by postoperative day three. The output may be projectile and initially is liquid. Transverse colostomy, descending or sigmoid colostomy, mucous fistula, reversal or stoma closure, peristomal skin protection, loop stoma, loop ileostomy, end stoma, end ileostomy, mucus fistula, and ileal conduit are the other important topics which are covered thoroughly in this chapter.