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BOOK TITLE: Principles and Practice of Assisted Reproductive Technology
Success in assisted reproductive techniques (ART) cycles depends on developing a robust embryo and then transferring it atraumatically at the right time in a receptive endometrium for implantation. The intrauterine environment plays a major role in implantation and subsequent growth of the embryo. Adverse outcomes will be encountered in the following conditions such as congenital uterine anomalies (CUA), submucous and intramural myomas, adenomyosis, intrauterine adhesions or polyps or foreign bodies, nonreceptive endometrium, uterine contractions in the luteal phase or during embryo transfer, and cervical abnormalities. CUA are the most common of the Müllerian anomalies. The prevalence of CUA varies according to the population group studied and the diagnostic technique used. Adenomyosis is a benign condition of uterus, defined by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma within the myometrium. Prevalence of adenomyosis is variable around 20% and increases with age reaching to about 32% in women aged 40–49 years.