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BOOK TITLE: Principles and Practice of Assisted Reproductive Technology
The fallopian tubes named after Gabriele Falloppio, a 16th-century physician and surgeon, are appendages of the uterus located on either side at the superior portion of the uterine cavity. The uterine tubes form a conducting channel for gametes and embryos. The tubes assist and modulate sperm transport, regulate oocyte transport, the ampulla promotes fertilization, nurtures gametes and embryos, and ensures the timely passage of the embryo to the uterus. Tubal disease contributes to 25–35% of female factor infertility and 11–30% of infertility in general depending on the population characteristics. The main cause for tubal infertility is salpingitis, which accounts for more than 50% of the cases as well as tubal surgery. This chapter covers the causes for tubal subfertility, evaluation for the tubal factor infertility—guidelines and recommendations, ultrasound evaluation of fallopian tubes, tubal assessment tests, and management of tubal infertility.