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Chapter-30 Tubal Factors in Infertility

BOOK TITLE: Principles and Practice of Assisted Reproductive Technology

Author
1. Kumar Pratap
2. Kumaran Aswathy
ISBN
9789352705030
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/18020_31
Edition
2/e
Publishing Year
2019
Pages
12
Author Affiliations
1. Kasturba Hospital, Manipal, Karnataka, India, Manipal Assisted Reproductive Centre (MARC); Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Assisted Reproductive Center (MARC), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Assisted Reproductive Centre (MARC), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India, Manipal Assisted Reproductive Centre (MARC); Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Mangalore, Karnataka, India, Karnataka, Manipal, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India, Manipal, Karnataka, India, Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India, Kast
2. Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Jai Prakash Narayan Hospital, New Delhi, India, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India, Manipal Assisted Reproductive Centre; Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India, Aster MIMS Kottakkal, Kerala, India
Chapter keywords
Fallopian tube, uterine cavity, uterine tube, tubal subfertility, ultrasound evaluation, tubal assessment test, tubal infertility

Abstract

The fallopian tubes named after Gabriele Falloppio, a 16th-century physician and surgeon, are appendages of the uterus located on either side at the superior portion of the uterine cavity. The uterine tubes form a conducting channel for gametes and embryos. The tubes assist and modulate sperm transport, regulate oocyte transport, the ampulla promotes fertilization, nurtures gametes and embryos, and ensures the timely passage of the embryo to the uterus. Tubal disease contributes to 25–35% of female factor infertility and 11–30% of infertility in general depending on the population characteristics. The main cause for tubal infertility is salpingitis, which accounts for more than 50% of the cases as well as tubal surgery. This chapter covers the causes for tubal subfertility, evaluation for the tubal factor infertility—guidelines and recommendations, ultrasound evaluation of fallopian tubes, tubal assessment tests, and management of tubal infertility.

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