Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. It remains a major public health problem worldwide with an estimated 10.4 million new TB cases worldwide. Coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and more liberal immigration has significantly increased the risk of developing TB all over the world. Multidrug resistant (MDR) and extreme drug resistant TB, which are caused by poor case management, are causes of serious concern throughout the world. This chapter covers the microbiology of mycobacterium tuberculosis, epidemiology of female genital tuberculosis, pathogenesis, pathogenesis of infertility in genital tuberculosis, diagnosis, investigations, treatment, in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer in FGTB, and new tuberculosis research. Medical treatment using DOTS strategy with daily medicines under direct observation and using quality assured drugs in appropriate dosage and for adequate time is the mainstay of treatment. Surgical treatment is rarely required in the form of limited surgery like laparoscopy, hysteroscopy, and drainage of abscess etc. Stem cell therapy may play a role in regeneration of endometrium and tubal mucosa in FGTB in future.