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Chapter-05 Fertilization and Embryogenesis

BOOK TITLE: Principles and Practice of Assisted Reproductive Technology

Author
1. Sardana Divya
ISBN
9789352705030
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/18020_6
Edition
2/e
Publishing Year
2019
Pages
7
Author Affiliations
1. Milann—The Fertility Center, (A Unit of BACC Healthcare Pvt Ltd), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, Sunrise Hospital, Gurgaon, Haryana, India, W Pratiksha Hospital, Gurugram, Haryana, India, Pratiksha Hospital, Gurugram, Haryana, India, Cloudnine Hospital, Gurugram, Haryana, India
Chapter keywords
Fertilization, embryogenesis, egg transport, sperm transport, gametes, capacitation, blastocyst formation, assisted reproductive technology, embryonic cell

Abstract

The spontaneous fusion of the sperm and the egg forms the zygote, the first cell of a baby through the process of fertilization. Fertilization is a complex sequence of coordinated molecular events beginning after the contact between a sperm and an oocyte. This is followed by intermingling of the parental chromosomes (of mother and father) and restoring the genetic constitution of the normal human being. This chapter covers the egg transport, sperm transport, viability of gametes, capacitation, process of fertilization, embryogenesis, blastocyst formation, and clinical application in assisted reproductive technology. The thick zona pellucida is present around the zygote during cleavage. Zygote starts dividing into blastomeres about 30 hours after fertilization, first forming the 2-cell stage, and then the 4-cell and the 8-cell stage. The zygote undergoes repeated mitotic divisions and there is a rapid increase in number of cells. The embryonic cells (blastomeres) gradually become smaller with each division.

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