One of the main areas which take care of fertility, mother’s health and child health is detailed in this chapter. Definition, basic elements, differential approaches are discussed in length. Special emphasis is done on emergency obstetric care, essential obstetric care and essential new-born care. Malnutrition, infection and uncontrolled reproduction are discussed as national level problems. Diarrhoea care, ARI care are detailed. Nine RCH indicators particularly MMR, IMR and Child survival rate are discussed. In each case recent figures and formula for calculations are detailed. Special reference is made of child guidance clinic and under five clinics. Growth and development is discussed with infant feeding practices and BFHI. At the end social welfare schemes for better RCH are discussed.