The preliminary objectives of operative endodontics are total débridement of the pulpal space, development of a fluid-tight seal at the apical foramen, and total obliteration of the root canal. Obturation is the final step in endodontic treatment and it involves complete obliteration of the radicular space with an inert material. A key to successful pulp space therapy is to seal the apical and coronal areas of potential leakage after meticulous cleaning and shaping. Obturation is a reflection of the cleaning and shaping and is evaluated on the basis of length, taper, density, level of gutta-percha removal, and the coronal seal. The three-dimensional filling of the entire root canal system is accomplished as close to the cement-dentinal junction as possible.