The objective of this chapter is to introduce the medical aspects. Orthopedic surgery is one of the critical branches of surgery where majority of patients land up in emergency. It is this fact that makes this branch more vulnerable for medicolegal suits. This chapter discusses consent between the patient and treating doctor, documentation, doctor-patient relation, certificates, diagnosis, and treatment. The medicolegal problems in respect of diagnosis arise under two circumstances. Diagnosis of nonexistent conditions like pregnancy, leprosy, tuberculosis may be disastrous. The doctor undertakes to make a careful (not necessarily correct) diagnosis and plan of treatment and to use good judgment in carrying out that treatment.