Among the survivors of poliomyelitis, some have minor disabilities without causing functional impairments and most of the other category of survivors with varying grades of paralysis adapt to their impairments and disabilities leading near normal life. The most common symptoms of poliomyelitis are fatigue, pain, weakness, functional loss, cold intolerance and wasting of muscles. At least three processes singly or in combination appear to be responsible for the causation of pathophysiology of postpolio syndrome (PPS), and these are motor unit dysfunction, musculoskeletal disuse and musculoskeletal overuse. There is no known laboratory test for diagnosis of PPS. Investigations, diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis, management and prognosis of poliomyelitis are described in this chapter.