The arthroscope has emerged as a useful tool in the diagnosis and management of intra-articular pathology of the knee. A thorough knowledge of the superficial and deep anatomy of the knee joint, arthroscopic instrumentation and theater set-up are of fundamental importance before embarking on arthroscopic surgery. Though postoperative sepsis is uncommon with this technique, arthroscopy demands the same amount of preoperative preparation and theater asepsis as any open orthopedic surgical procedure. This chapter presents a discussion on patient positioning for arthroscopic surgery, portals, triangulation, arthroscopic anatomy and diagnostic viewing, and systematic viewing of the knee joint in brief.