The main focus of this chapter is on surgical anatomy of the hip joint. The hip joint is a type of synovial joint of ball and socket variety formed by the head of the femur and the acetabulum. It is the most stable ball and socket joint in the body and still has a great range of motion. Proximal end femur, the acetabulum, the ligaments, muscles, fascia, vascular supply and innervation are the different parts of osteology. Proximal end femur includes the head of the femur, neck, greater trochanter, lesser trochanter, intertrochanteric line and intertrochanteric crest. The acetabulum is formed by iliac, ischial and pubic components of hip bone. The hip joint is surrounded by muscle groups which play an important role in the stability of the joint and locomotion. Three well-illustrated figures are also provided in this chapter.