This chapter discusses peroneal nerve entrapment. As the peroneal nerve winds around the head of the fibula in the upper calf, it is subject to many kinds of damage. There is a known mechanism for entrapment since the nerve has to pass through a fibro-osseous tunnel between the edge of the peroneus longus muscle and the fibula, but the majority of peroneal neuropathies are from other causes. Common peroneal nerve may be injured in the comminuted fractures of the head of fibula. Compressive causes of peroneal damage include improperly applied plaster casts, tight stockings, bandages, and garters. The symptoms of peroneal palsy vary somewhat according to the cause of the condition. In the common types of acute compressive lesions, the symptoms usually consist of a painless loss of motor power. Clinical features, investigations, diagnosis, and treatment of peroneal nerve entrapment are also discussed in this chapter.