This chapter discusses structure and function of cartilage. Cartilage is a type of connective tissue, semitransparent, elastic, flexible and tough. The ground substance of cartilage mainly contains the glycoprotein and chondroitin. The cells chondrocytes are within the matrix. Cartilage is slowly replaced by bone as age advances by ossification. There are three types of cartilages, i.e. hyaline, elastic and white (fibrocartilage). Articular cartilage gives smooth, lubricated surface for articulation and transmits the loads. The tissue behavior depends upon interaction of fluid and solid components. Joint motion and loading of the joint play important role in maintenance of normal articular cartilage structure and function. The treatment includes microfractures, chondral abrasion plasty, osteochondral autograft transplantation, autologous chondrocyte implantation, fresh or frozen osteochondral allografts, periosteal transplantation and transplantation of bioabsorbable matrices.