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Chapter-08 Water and Electrolytes

BOOK TITLE: Essentials of Nutrition and Biochemistry for Basic BSc Nursing

Author
1. Clement I
ISBN
9789385891526
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/18059_9
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2018
Pages
30
Author Affiliations
1. RV College of Nursing, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India; Columbia College of Nursing, VSS College of Nursing, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India; Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India; Christian Medical Association of India, New Delhi, Indian Society of Psychiatric Nursing, Bengaluru, Medical Surgical Nursing Society of ndia, Chennai; Indian Society of Neuroscience Nursing, New Delhi; Asian Association of Cardiac Nurses, Kolkata, West Bengal, India; Indian Red Cross Society, Bengaluru, St. Johns Ambulance Association, Bengaluru; National Editorial Advisory Board, New Delhi, Nurses of India (Former) Bengaluru
Chapter keywords
Water, electrolyte balance, water metabolism, body fluid, dehydration, over hydration, water intoxication, electrolyte imbalance

Abstract

Water and electrolyte balance is crucial for body homeostasis and is one of the most protected physiological mechanisms in the body. Water is vital for human existence. Water is colorless, calorie less compound of hydrogen and oxygen that virtually every cell in the body needs to survive. This chapter covers the water requirement and regulation, water metabolism and distribution, electrolytes, types, sources and consumption of body fluids, maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance, dehydration, over hydration and water intoxication, and electrolyte imbalance. Electrolytes are substances whose molecules dissociate or split into ions when placed in water. These substances are found in ECF and ICF that dissociate into electrically charged particles known as ions. Human body contains quite large volume of water as ICF and ECF and the fluid contains several inorganic ions such as sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, sulfate, phosphate, calcium and magnesium.

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