EXPORT CITATION

Chapter-32 Awake Child with Stridor and Labored Breathing

BOOK TITLE: Symptom Oriented Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery: Otology and Pediatrics (Volume 3)

Author
1. Hart Catherine K
2. Cohen Aliza P
3. Rutter Michael J
4. Sidell Douglas R
5. Willging J Paul
6. Cheng Alan TL
7. Yang Christina J
8. Myer IV Charles M
9. Balakrishnan Karthik
10. Mazhar Kashif
11. Provenzano Matthew J
12. Prosser J Drew
ISBN
9789385891854
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/12951_33
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2017
Pages
30
Author Affiliations
1. Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, Medical Center, Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
2. University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
3. University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA, University of Cincinnati, OH, USA
4. Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA, Stanford Children’s Hospital, Stanford, California, USA, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
5. Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
6. The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
7. Montefiore Greene Medical Arts Pavilion, New York, New York, USA
8. Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
9. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
10. Carolina Ear, Nose & Throat, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA, Carolina Ear Nose and Throat, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
11. Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
12. Georgia Health Sciences University Augusta, Georgia, USA
Chapter keywords
Respiratory distress, pediatric airway, laryngeal infection, tracheal infection, laryngomalacia, laryngeal web, laryngeal cyst, subglottic stenosis, tracheal stenosis, vascular compression, bilateral vocal cord palsy

Abstract

The child in respiratory distress is a common presentation in the emergency room. When evaluating the pediatric airway, the clinician must keep in mind that the symptoms of greatest concern are airway, obstruction, aspiration and voice. Evaluation of a child’s airway should begin with a thorough medical history and physical examination. Stridor is Defined as a high-pitched inspiratory noise caused by turbulent air flow through a partially obstructed laryngeal or tracheal airway, stridor can be classified as inspiratory, expiratory, or biphasic. Stertor is a low-pitched noise breathing representing vibrations of surrounding tissue at an area of tissue collapse or redundancy. Awake transnasal flexible laryngoscopy is an essential component of evaluation of all pediatric patients with airway issues. The key principle in the management of airway infections must always be to assess and stabilize the airway first. Signs and symptoms of systemic infection or inflammatory response may include fever, malaise, and tachycardia. Laryngeal infections include supraglottis, glottis and subglottis. Tracheal infections are laryngotracheobronchitis, bacterial tracheitis, rhinosinusitis and Ludwig’s angina. This chapter also presents a brief discussion on laryngomalacia, laryngeal webs and cysts, subglottic stenosis, tracheal stenosis, tracheomalacia and vascular compression, and bilateral vocal cord palsy.

Related Books

© 2019 Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) LTD.   |   All Rights Reserved