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Chapter-13 Arterial Blood Gas Analysis and Other Tools for the Evaluation of Gas Exchange Efficiency

BOOK TITLE: Diagnostic Evaluation of the Respiratory System

Author
1. Sorino Claudio
2. Corsico Angelo
ISBN
9789386056009
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/13029_14
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2017
Pages
10
Author Affiliations
1. S. Anna Hospital, Como, Italy; University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
2. Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), S Matteo Hospital, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
Chapter keywords
Arterial blood gas analysis, ABGA, gas exchange efficiency, pulse oximetry, spectrophotometry, oxygenated hemoglobin, reduced hemoglobin, respiratory alkalosis

Abstract

This chapter gives an overview of arterial blood gas analysis and other tools for the evaluation of gas exchange efficiency. Arterial blood gas analysis (ABGA) allows to assessing the efficiency of the respiratory system and the acid-base equilibrium by evaluating several parameters. These include blood pH (logarithmic measure of hydrogen ion concentration), partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) and carbon dioxide (pCO2) in systemic arterial blood, bicarbonate ion, base excess and oxygen saturation (SpO2). Pulse oximetry is a simple and noninvasive tool which estimates SpO2 of peripheral capillary blood, defined as the ratio of oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) to the total concentration of hemoglobin (Hb) present in the blood. Pulse oximetry is a noninvasive method for determining oxygen saturation through absorption spectrophotometry. The principle of pulse oximetry is based on the differentred and infrared light absorption of oxygenated hemoglobin (oxyhemoglobin) and reduced hemoglobin (deoxyhemoglobin).

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