This chapter basically talks about the resuscitation of the newborn. Approximately 70% of babies needing resuscitation are born in situations in which the need for help can be anticipated and a pediatrician can be called to be present at the delivery. High-risk situations include preterm delivery, fetal distress, meconium staining of the liquor, intrauterine growth retardation, multiple deliveries, Rhesus hemolytic disease, and heavy maternal sedation or anesthesia. The essential equipment for neonatal resuscitation consists of a warm shelf on which to place the baby, a supply of oxygen under pressure, a range of soft-edged face-masks, a T-piece connector, and a 30-cm H2O pressure blow-off device. Neonatal resuscitation in hospitals is usually performed on a resuscitaire, which provides, in addition, a firm surface, lighting, a radiant heat source to keep the baby warm and a clock with which to time events during the resuscitation.