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Chapter-16 The Child with Neurologic Alterations

BOOK TITLE: Pediatric Nursing

Author
1. Sarkar Subrata
ISBN
9789386150875
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/14185_17
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2018
Pages
37
Author Affiliations
1. Swami Prakashananda Ayurveda Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, National Institute of Orthopedically Handicapped, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, Charnock College of Nursing, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Chapter keywords
Central nervous system, CNS, vertebrate nervous system, peripheral nervous system, PNS, cerebrum, cerebellum, neural system, flaccid paralysis

Abstract

The vertebrate nervous system consists of the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). CNS comprises the brain (cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem) and the spinal cord. PNS is composed of nerves leading to and from the CNS, often through junctions known as ganglia. PNS includes sensory neurons, which link sensory receptors on the body surface, as well as in specialized receptor structures like the ear, with processing circuits in the CNS. This chapter covers the anatomy and physiology of neural system, brief introduction of nervous system, and management and nursing interventions of different disorders. Flaccid paralysis is a clinical manifestation characterized by weakness or paralysis and reduced muscle tone without other obvious cause (e.g. trauma). WHO defines AFP syndrome as ‘characterized by rapid onset of weakness of an individual’s extremities, often including weakness of the muscles of respiration and swallowing, progressing to maximum severity within 1 to 10 days.

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