The endocrine system is an intricate collection of hormone-producing glands scattered throughout the body. The endocrine glands are a group of small organs and body tissues that produce, store and secrete hormones, chemical substances that regulate various body functions. This chapter covers the inborn errors of metabolism, the clinical picture and management of hypothyroidism versus hyperthyroidism, nursing consideration of a child with endocrine disorder, endemic cretinism (environmental disease), comparison of signs and symptoms and management among hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis. Children with endemic cretinism suffer from hypothyroidism that begins at conception because the dietary iodine deficiency prevents synthesis of normal levels of thyroid hormones symptoms include—mental retardation that can be profound spastic dysplasia problems with gross and fine motor control resulting from damage to both the pyramidal and the extrapyramidal systems.