This chapter focuses on challenged child and implications for nursing. This chapter covers the impairment in motor development and chromosomal/genetic disorders. Knowing the motor skills children develop, and the approximate timetable on which they develop them, can help parents’ spot developmental delays. Motor disorders can be categorized as qualitative and quantitative. A qualitative disorder is something that is not normal in and of itself. Down syndrome is a genetic disorder, also known as trisomy 21, is caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21. It is typically associated with abnormal cell division which results in extra genetic material from chromosome 21. This genetic disorder, which varies in severity, causes lifelong mild- to-moderate intellectual disability and developmental delays.