Preventive pediatrics is defined as the prevention of diseases and promotion of physical, mental and social welfare of children with the aim of attaining a positive health. Preventive pediatrics aims to enhance the health and well-being of the children of the country. Early childhood care and development is a critical foundation not only of children but of society on the whole. Preventive pediatrics aims to provide early, accessible, preventive and interventional health services to improve the health status of children and adolescents in India by early identification of risk factors that affect their health through the implementation of clinical, educational and research programs. This chapter covers the milestones in the history of MCH care in India, child health, ICDS, IMNCI, handicapped child care, adolescent health, school health, center for International child health are WHO, UNICEF, FAO, CARE, USAID, national organizations, and nurses role in preventive pediatrics.