The objective of this chapter is to present the uterus: preneoplastic lesions and carcinoma. This chapter also explains the endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia and endometrial carcinoma. This chapter also discusses the variants of endometrioid carcinoma, serous carcinoma and mixed types of carcinoma. This chapter also provides detail about the transitional cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma. This chapter also describes the ovarian carcinoma along with uterine carcinoma. A detailed discussion on tumors of the epithelial and mesenchymal component has been provided in this chapter. Two well-illustrated boxes, 12 well-illustrated tables and 50 well-colored figures are also presented in this chapter, which are very helpful for students and readers.