Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) remain worldwide epidemics affecting 36.9 million people today. New anti-retroviral therapies and mass availability have, however, changed the way the disease is viewed. As such, HIV is becoming a chronic medical illness with its treatment focus shifting to quality of life issues, including the debilitating pain. A detailed history and physical examination are essential to diagnosing the cause of HIV-related pain. Patients can experience diverse pain syndromes including painful sensory peripheral neuropathy, headache, oral and pharyngeal pain, Kaposi\'s sarcoma, abdominal pain, chest pain, arthralgias, myalgias, and painful skin conditions. A variety of physical and psychological therapies may also prove useful. Physical interventions range from cutaneous stimulation (heat, cold, or massage) and transcutaneous nerve stimulation, to acupuncture. Patient education plays an important role in AIDS patients. Psychological interventions such as hypnosis, biofeedback, and reframing also play an important role.