Cancer pain is a dynamic condition, with an often complex presentation, which requires a thorough assessment and a multimodal approach to management. Due to the high frequency of its occurrence, cancer pain should be treated aggressively and immediately. The benefits of effective treatment include facilitation of the diagnostic workup and treatment, improved functional status, and better quality of life, with increasing evidence suggesting improved survival rates. Despite this evidence, cancer pain is undertreated for a variety of reasons. A comprehensive medical management team that includes oncologists, pain specialists, oncology nurses, physical therapists, mental health providers, social workers, and palliative care experts can provide optimal care. A detailed discussion on medical management of cancer pain has been provided in this chapter.