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Chapter-06 Clinical Presentation of Tuberculosis

BOOK TITLE: Clinic Consult Pulmonology: Tuberculosis

Author
1. Behera Digambar
ISBN
9789386322012
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/14180_7
Edition
Publishing Year
2018
Pages
13
Author Affiliations
1. Lala Ram Swaroop Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, Sri Aurobindo Marg, New Delhi, India, WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Capacity Building in Chronic Respiratory Diseases, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Capacity Building in Chronic Respiratory Diseases, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India; Former Director, Respiratory Diseases (Now known as National Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases); National Task Force for involvement of Medical Colleges in RNTCP, Government of India; National Operational Research Committee, RNTCP, Government of India, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
Chapter keywords
Tuberculosis, clinical presentation, congenital TB, primary TB, miliary TB, post-primary TB, erythema nodosum, phlyctenular conjunctivitis, pleural effusion, tumor necrosis factor

Abstract

Clinical features of tuberculosis (TB) may vary according to the type like congenital form or post-primary forms of tuberculosis. Infection to disease is dependent on many risk factors and a complex interaction between the host and parasite besides a number of risk factors playing a major role. Clinical TB can present as congenital TB, primary TB, miliary TB, and post-primary TB. Congenital TB is a rare but fatal disease if untreated. It is defined as TB occurring in infants as a result of infection with M. tuberculosis during intrauterine life. In the majority of cases, the primary infection is symptomless, and is passed off unnoticed. The only indication is a Mantoux conversion. Miliary TB is a form of disseminated TB produced by acute dissemination of tubercle bacilli through the blood stream. Cryptic forms are not at all uncommon, they are common in older people and contribute an important proportion of cases of miliary TB and sometimes are diagnosed only at postmortem. Post-primary TB is the most important type of clinical TB, because it is much frequent, and smear-positive sputum is the main source of infection responsible for the propagation and persistence of the disease in the community. Complications of pulmonary tuberculosis can be either local or general.

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