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Chapter-05 Nonmotor Symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease

BOOK TITLE: Understanding Parkinsonism: The Clinical Perspective

Author
1. Chaudhuri K Ray
2. Qamar Mubasher A
3. Titova Nataliya
4. Metta Vinod
ISBN
9789386322333
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/14125_6
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2018
Pages
12
Author Affiliations
1. Mapother House, King’s College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK, E-mail: Ray.chaudhuri@kingsch.nhs.UK, National Parkinson Foundation, International Centre of Excellence, King’s College London and King’s College Hospital, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre and Dementia Unit at South London and Maudsley, NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College, London, London, United Kingdom, King’s Healthcare NHS Trust, Mapother House, King’s College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
2. King’s Parkinson’s Research Centre, The Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience, National Parkinson Foundation, International Centre of Excellence, King’s College London and King’s College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
3. Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics, Pirogov Russian National Research, Medical University, Moscow, Russia
4. Imperial and Kings College London, London, England, United Kingdom
Chapter keywords
Parkinson’s disease, nonmotor symptom, NMS, multidisciplinary care team, MDT, nonmotor fluctuation, Parkinsonian animal model, rapid eye movement, REM, glucocerebrosidase, GBA

Abstract

Parkinson’s disease is the second commonest neurodegenerative disorder, which is prevalent worldwide with 10% diagnosed below the age of 40 years and 1 in 50 over the age of 80 years and the numbers predicted to double by 2030. Although clinically recognized as a motor syndrome, Parkinson’s disease is now regarded by some as a heterogeneous syndrome driven by a long prodromal period characterized by a range of nonmotor symptoms (NMS) before the motor syndrome becomes evident. The evidence for this is multifactorial and is broadly evident from the fact that the condition is associated with widespread neurodegeneration affecting not just dopaminergic but also serotonergic, cholinergic, noradrenergic, as well as other neurotransmitter systems. This chapter also covers the animal models for nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease, nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease classification, nonmotor symptoms measurement in clinics, nonmotor fluctuations, treatment of nonmotor symptoms, nonmotor subtyping of Parkinson’s disease, and multidisciplinary care and nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.

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