The objective of this chapter is to introduce the vitamins and minerals. Vitamins are organic compounds occurring in small quantities in different natural foods and necessary for growth and maintenance of good health. Vitamins are mainly classified into fat soluble vitamins and water soluble vitamins. Fat soluble vitamin includes vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, and vitamin K. Water soluble vitamins include B complex vitamins and vitamin C. A mineral is a naturally occurring chemical compound, usually of crystalline form and abiogenic in origin. A mineral has one specific chemical composition, whereas a rock can be an aggregate of different minerals or mineraloids. The study of minerals is called mineralogy. Mineral is classified into macrominerals, micromineral, and ultra-trace elements. At the end of the chapter, there are 71 multiple choice questions are also given along with their explanatory answers.