Conjunctiva is a translucent mucous membrane lining the posterior surface of the eyelids and anterior surface of the sclera. The parts of the conjunctiva are palpebral, forniceal, and bulbar. Allergic conjunctivitis, infective conjunctivitis, conjunctival degenerations, sclera, cornea, infective keratitis, non-infectious keratopathies, corneal ectasia, corneal dystrophies, corneal degenerations, keratoplasty, and xerophthalmia are covered in this chapter. Xerophthalmia is the term used to cover all the ocular manifestations of vitamin A deficiency. Nightblindness occurs because of disturbance in the visual cycle involving rhodopsin. The ocular surface features are due to metaplasia of the non-keratinized epithelium to keratinized epithelium.