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Chapter-14 Oncology

BOOK TITLE: Partha’s 101 Clinical Pearls in Pediatrics

Author
1. Borker Anupama S
ISBN
9789386322746
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/14123_15
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2018
Pages
14
Author Affiliations
1. Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India, Somaiya Ayurvihar-Asian Institute of Oncology, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, Somaiya Ayurvihar Asian Institute of Oncology, KJ Somaiya Hospital Campus, Mumbai, India, Somaiya Ayurvihar, Asian Institute of Oncology, Sion, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, Asian Cancer Institute, Somaiya Ayurvihar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, Asian Cancer Institute, Somaiya Ayurvihar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, Asian Cancer Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, Goa Medical College and Hospital, Bambolim, Goa, India, Goa Medical College and Hospital, Bambolion, Goa
Chapter keywords
Oncology, acute myeloid leukemia, AML, Ewing sarcoma, ES, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, HL, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, NHL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, ALL

Abstract

This chapter describes oncology. This chapter is divided into four sections that cover the leukemia, lymphoma, brain tumors, and bone tumors. Acute leukemia is the most common malignancy in childhood and constitutes 40% of all childhood cancers. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) make up 80% of all childhood leukemias and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) make up 15%. Rare leukemias constitute 5%. The common symptoms of leukemia include fever, weakness, fatigue, anorexia, weight loss and bleeding manifestations. Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) are the two types of malignant neoplasms arising from the lymph nodes. Osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma (ES) are the two common bone tumors in children. Rarely non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma can affect the bone primarily. The peak incidence of bone cancers is 15 years of age, which coincides with the adolescent growth spurt.

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