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Chapter-04 Immunization

BOOK TITLE: Partha’s 101 Clinical Pearls in Pediatrics

Author
1. Thacker Naveen
2. Parthasarathy A
3. Surendran K
4. Gupta Alok
5. Pathak Ashish
ISBN
9789386322746
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/14123_5
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2018
Pages
66
Author Affiliations
1. Deep Children Hospital and Research Center, Kutch, Gujarat, Deep Children Hospital, Gandhidham Kutch, Gujarat, India, Deep Children's Hospital and Research Centre, Gandhidham, Gujarat, India, Deep Children and Research Center, Gandhidham, Gujarat, India, Deep Children Hospital and Research Center, Kutch, Gujarat, India, Deep Children Hospital and Research Centre, Gandhidham, (Kutch), Deep Children Hospital and Research Center, Gandhidham, Gujarat, India, Deep Children Hospital, Gandhidham, Gujarat, India, Deep Children Hospital and Research Centre, Gandhidham, Gujarat, India, Indian Academy of Pediatrics; International Pediatric Association; Asia Pacific Pediatric Association; Gavi Alliance Board, Deep Children's Hospital and Research Center, Kutch, Gujarat, India, Deep Children Hospital and Research Centre, Gandhidham (Kutch), Gujarat, India, Deep Children Hospital, Gandhidham, Kutch, Deep Children Hospital, 208, Sector 1-A, Gandhidham, e-mail: naveen@wilnetonline.net, 208, Sector 1-A Gandhidham, Gujarat, In
2. AP Child Care, Chennai; Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, AP Child Care, Chennai; The Tamil Nadu Dr MGR Medical University; Madras Medical College, Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Madras Medical College, Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, The Tamil Nadu Dr MGR, Medical University; Madras Medical College; Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, AP Child Care, Chennai; The Tamil Nadu Dr MGR Medical University; Madras Medical College, Chennai; Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, The Tamil Nadu Dr MGR Medical University, Chennai; Madras Medical College, Chennai; Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Senior Clinical Professor of Pediatrics, Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, AP Child Care, Chennai; Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Madras Medical College; Ins
3. National Poliomyelitis, Surveillance Project, Tamilnadu, Chennai, WHO – National Polio Surveillance Project, Chennai, WHO Country Office for India (NPSP), DMS Campus, Teynampet, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, WHO—National Polio Surveillance Project, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
4. Pediatric Specialties Clinic, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, Pediatric Specialties Clinic, Jaipur; Mahatma Gandhi Medical, College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, Dr Sampurnanand Medical College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India, Mahatma Gandhi Medical, College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, Pediatric Specialties Clinic, Mansarovar Polyclinic, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, Division of Pediatric Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, Mansarovar Polyclinic, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, Diabetes Research & Education Center, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India, Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, Pediatric Specialties Clinic, Jaipur, Rajasthan, Pediatric Specialities Clinic, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India; Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, Environment and Child Health group of IAP, Jaipur—India, Environment and Child Health Group of IAP, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
5. RD Gardi Medical College, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India, Ruxmaniben Deepchand Gardi Medical College, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, Ruxmaniben Deepchand Gardi Medical College, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India, RD Gardi Medical College, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India; Department of International Maternal and Child (IMCH), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
Chapter keywords
Immunization, national immunization programme, NIP, vaccine pipeline, global smallpox eradication, cold chain, adverse event, vaccine

Abstract

This chapter focuses on immunization. This chapter is divided into five sections that cover the storage of vaccines and maintenance of cold chain, adverse events following immunization, vaccine pipeline, rationale of changes in national immunization schedule, and rationale of changes in IAP immunization time table 2016. The “cold chain” refers to the people, equipment, and procedures designed to maintain appropriate temperatures for vaccines from the time they leave the manufacturer, through transportation and storage, until the point of use. Health workers are responsible to maintain the temperature of vaccines at the peripheral level. Vaccination is one of the great public health achievements of human history. Vaccines used in National Immunization Programmes (NIPs) are considered safe and effective when used correctly. Immunization program is one of the most effective public health interventions. This had been “immensely” instrumental in reduction of morbidity and mortality due to vaccine preventable diseases. Global smallpox eradication success in 1980 was a turning point in immunization programs across all countries globally.

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