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Chapter-08 Pulmonology

BOOK TITLE: Partha’s 101 Clinical Pearls in Pediatrics

Author
1. Balachandran A
2. Subramanyam L
ISBN
9789386322746
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/14123_9
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2018
Pages
30
Author Affiliations
1. F/177 Plot # 235, Anna Nagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Email:dr_abalachandran@hotmail.com;, drabalachandran@yahoo.com, Mehta Multispecialty Hospitals, India Pvt Ltd, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Dr Mehta Children’s Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Dr Mehta Children's Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Dr Mehta Children’s Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Dr. Mehta’s Hospitals Pvt. Ltd, Chennai, F-177, Anna Nagar East, Chennai, Dr. Mehta’s Hospitals Pvt. Ltd., Chennai, Dr Mehta’s Children’s Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Mehta Children’s Hospital, Chetput, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Mehta’s Children Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Mehta Hospital, Chennai
2. Mehta Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Mehta Children’s Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Dr. Mehta’s Hospitals Pvt Ltd, Chennai, Dr. Mehta’s Hospitals Pvt. Ltd, Chennai, 9-A, Karaneeswarar Koil Street Santhome, Mylapore, Chennai, Dr Mehta’s Children’s Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Dr Mehta's Children's Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Mehta Multispeciality Hospitals India Pvt Ltd, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Chapter keywords
Pulmonology, respiratory sound, respiratory distress, lung sound, parapneumonic effusion, empyema, pleura, pneumonia, respiratory system

Abstract

This chapter talks about pulmonology. This chapter is divided into four sections that cover the respiratory sounds, respiratory distress, current scenario of pneumonia, and management of empyema. Respiratory sounds or lung sounds referred to normal breath sounds (inspiration/expiration) heard by auscultation of the respiratory system with stethoscope. “Adventitious sounds” (wheeze/crackles) are referred to those sounds heard apart from the normal breath sounds. Respiratory noises are abnormal noises, which are heard in a child with respiratory disorders. They are recognized by parents as well as pediatricians without the help of stethoscope. Respiratory noises are extremely common in infants and young children. The main function of the respiratory system is gas exchange. Air is taken into the lungs with inspiration; oxygen (O2) diffuses from the alveolus into the blood, where some O2 dissolves in plasma. Pneumonia is one of the most common infections in the pediatric age group. This is a severe form of acute lower respiratory infection that specifically affects the lung. Parapneumonic effusions and empyema result from the spread of inflammation and infection to the pleura.

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