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Chapter-10 Episcleritis

BOOK TITLE: Atlas and Text of Corneal Pathology and Surgery

Author
1. Moreira de Araujo Mario Cesar
2. Fontes Bruno M
ISBN
9789962678335
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/11349_10
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2011
Pages
4
Author Affiliations
1. Pedro Ernesto Hospital, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
2. Federal University of Sao Paulo Scientific Committee, Brazilian Council of Ophthalmology Centro de microcirurgia e Diagnostico Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Chapter keywords

Abstract

The episclera is a fibroelastic tissue with two distinct layers that are loosely fused by fine connecting fibers. Both derive their blood supply predominantly from the anterior ciliary arteries, and have individual vascular characteristics. Episcleritis is an inflammatory disorder that is confined to the episcleral tissue. True incidence is unknown, because of its self-limited nature and easy management by general ophthalmologists. It is often idiopathic and can present bilaterally in up to one third of cases, although not necessarily simultaneously. Occurs in all age groups, but is more frequently seen in young to middle-aged adults, frequently females. No race predilection or genetic association has been described so far. It is infrequently associated with systemic rheumatologic, infectious, dermatologic and metabolic diseases. Episcleritis is usually acute, and presents with unspecific complaints and mild signs such as redness, burning, and foreign body sensation. Visual acuity is usually unaffected. Tearing and mild photophobia can also be associated. Alternatively, it may be asymptomatic. Diagnosis is given mainly by clinical examination, and ancillary testing is usually unnecessary. Slit lamp classical findings include chemosis and engorgement of superficial episcleral plexus, that maintain its radial configuration.

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